Which term refers to the process of cell division resulting in two diploid cells splitting?

The process that refers to the division of a cell resulting in two diploid cells is known as mitosis, which is characterized by one round of division that produces two genetically identical daughter cells, each with the same diploid number of chromosomes as the original cell. This process is essential for growth, tissue repair, and asexual reproduction in multicellular organisms.

In the context of meiosis, Meiosis I reduces the chromosome number from diploid to haploid, resulting in the formation of two haploid cells, while Meiosis II resembles mitosis, where those haploid cells can divide again. However, these divisions do not lead to the production of diploid cells; rather, they ultimately result in four haploid gametes after the entire meiotic process is complete.

Binary fission is a form of asexual reproduction seen in prokaryotes (like bacteria) where a single cell divides into two identical cells, but it is not associated with diploid cells, as prokaryotes typically do not possess a diploid stage.

Therefore, the correct term to describe the process of cell division that results in two diploid cells is mitosis, which is fundamental to many biological processes in diploid organisms.