What is the role of stomata in plants?

Stomata are small openings located primarily on the surfaces of leaves, and their main role is facilitating gas exchange. During photosynthesis, plants take in carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere, which is essential for the process of converting light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose. Simultaneously, stomata allow for the release of oxygen (O2), a byproduct of photosynthesis, back into the atmosphere.

The opening and closing of stomata are regulated by guard cells, which respond to environmental conditions such as light intensity, humidity, and the internal water status of the plant. This regulation is crucial for maintaining photosynthesis while minimizing water loss through transpiration. Therefore, the stomata play a vital role in balancing gas exchange and water conservation, making them indispensable for plant health and survival.