What is the process in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell?

The process in which male and female reproductive cells unite to form a new cell is known as fertilization. During fertilization, the sperm from the male merges with the egg from the female, resulting in the formation of a zygote. This zygote is the first stage of development for a new organism, containing genetic material from both parents, which contributes to the genetic diversity of the offspring.

Understanding fertilization is pivotal in the study of biological reproduction, as it marks the beginning of the development of a new individual. The successful fusion of the gametes ensures that half of the genetic material comes from each parent, maintaining the continuity of genetic traits through generations. This process is fundamental in the life cycles of sexually reproducing organisms, playing a crucial role in the evolution and adaptation of species.