What is the process called that involves the division of the cytoplasm during cell division?

Cytokinesis is the process that specifically refers to the division of the cytoplasm during cell division. This stage follows mitosis, where the genetic material within the nucleus has been separated into two daughter nuclei. Cytokinesis ensures that the cytoplasm and its contents are evenly divided between the two newly formed cells, allowing for proper cell function and growth.

During cytokinesis, various mechanisms depend on the type of organism. In animal cells, a contractile ring forms and pinches the cell in half, while in plant cells, a cell plate is formed, which eventually develops into a new cell wall. This process is vital for producing two distinct daughter cells, each containing a full set of organelles and cytoplasmic components necessary for survival.

The other options refer to different biological processes. Mitosis specifically describes the division of the nucleus and its contents, fertilization is the union of sperm and egg to form a zygote, and telophase is a stage of mitosis where the nuclear envelope re-forms around the separated chromosomes. Thus, none of these terms encompass the division of the cytoplasm like cytokinesis does.