What is the primary function of a peroxisome in the cell?

The primary function of a peroxisome in the cell is to catabolize fatty acids and detoxify harmful substances. Peroxisomes are small, membrane-bound organelles that play a crucial role in lipid metabolism, particularly the breakdown of very long-chain fatty acids through a process called beta-oxidation. Additionally, peroxisomes are involved in the detoxification of hydrogen peroxide (a byproduct of metabolic processes) by using the enzyme catalase to convert it into water and oxygen, thereby protecting the cell from oxidative damage.

Understanding the specific roles of organelles like peroxisomes is essential for comprehending cell metabolism and overall cellular health. Their function is critical in maintaining cellular homeostasis and ensuring that toxic byproducts do not accumulate, affecting cellular function.