What is dehydration synthesis (condensation)?

Dehydration synthesis, also known as condensation, is characterized by a reaction where two smaller molecules covalently bond to form a larger molecule, accompanied by the elimination of a water molecule. This process is fundamental in the formation of macromolecules like carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids from their respective monomer units. For instance, when two monosaccharides combine to form a disaccharide, a water molecule is released as the hydroxyl group from one sugar and a hydrogen atom from the other sugar combine to form water. This type of bonding is critical for building complex structures in biological systems, as it allows for the formation of essential biomolecules that are pivotal for life processes. Understanding dehydration synthesis is crucial in biochemistry as it underlies the polymerization of biological molecules.