In scientific experiments, what does the dependent variable represent?

The dependent variable represents the outcome factor that may change in response to manipulations or changes made to the independent variable. In an experiment, researchers manipulate the independent variable to observe how it affects the dependent variable. For example, if scientists are studying the effect of different amounts of sunlight on plant growth, the plant growth would be the dependent variable. It is the variable that is measured and observed, and any changes in its value provide insight into the relationship between the variables being tested. This concept is fundamental in scientific research as it establishes the cause-and-effect relationship being investigated.