In biology, what is typically studied under molecular biology?

Molecular biology primarily focuses on the structure and function of the molecules essential for life, particularly DNA, RNA, and proteins. This field investigates how these molecules interact within cells to drive biological processes such as replication, transcription, translation, and various metabolic pathways. By studying these fundamental components and their interactions, molecular biology provides insights into the mechanisms of inheritance, gene expression, and cellular responses to environmental changes.

In molecular biology, techniques such as PCR, gel electrophoresis, and DNA sequencing are commonly employed to analyze genetic material and understand the biochemical pathways that govern cellular functions. This makes it a crucial domain for understanding both basic and applied biology, including fields such as genetics, biochemistry, and biotechnology.